Amakuru akomeye ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro yo mu 2023

Amasoko y’amabuye n’amabuye y'agaciro arahindagurika mugihe cyiza - kugabanuka kwa nikel, cobalt na lithium mu 2023 byari bikabije ariko ntibyari byigeze bibaho. Abakora isi gake, abakurikirana ibyuma bya platine, abayoboke b'amabuye y'agaciro, hamwe na zahabu na feza kuri icyo kibazo, babaye mubi.

Amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro yarushijeho kuba mwiza mu kuyobora amazi y’amazi, ariko gufunga ku gahato imwe mu birombe binini by’umuringa byatangiye kubyazwa umusaruro mu myaka ya vuba aha byabaye urwibutso rukomeye rw’ingaruka zacukuwe n'abacukuzi bahura nazo hejuru y’isoko.

Panama yahagaritse ikirombe kinini cy'umuringa

Nyuma y’imyigaragambyo n’igitutu cya politiki, mu mpera zUgushyingo guverinoma ya Panama yategetse ko hafungwa ikirombe cya mbere cya Quantum Minerals 'Cobre Panama nyuma y’icyemezo cyafashwe n’urukiko rw’ikirenga cyatangaje amasezerano y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro muri icyo gikorwabinyuranyije n'Itegeko Nshinga.

Imibare rusange irimo uharanira ikirere Greta Thunberg n'umukinnyi wa HollywoodLeonardo Di Caprioyashyigikiye imyigaragambyo kandibasangiye videwoguhamagarira “mega mine” guhagarika ibikorwa, byahise bijya ahagaragara.

Kuri uyu wa gatanu, FQM iheruka gutangaza ko guverinoma ya Panama itatanze ishingiro ryemewe n’isosiyete ikorera i Vancouvergukurikirana gahunda yo gusoza, gahunda minisiteri yinganda yigihugu cyo muri Amerika yo hagati yavuze ko izatangwa gusa muri kamena umwaka utaha.

FQMyatanzeamatangazo abiri y'ubukemurampaka ku ifunga ry'ikirombe, kitakora kuva abigaragambyagayahagaritse kugera ku cyambu cyayomu Kwakira. Umuyobozi mukuru, Tristan Pascall, yavuze ko ariko ubukemurampaka butazaba igisubizo cy’isosiyete.

Nyuma y’imyivumbagatanyo, FQM yavuze ko yari ikwiye kurushaho kumenyesha abaturage agaciro k’agaciro kangana na miliyari 10 z’amadolari y’Amerika, none ikaba izamara igihe kinini yifatanya n’Abanya Panamani mbere y’amatora y’igihugu umwaka utaha. Umugabane wa FQM wagabanutse mu cyumweru gishize, ariko uracyacuruza hejuru ya 50% munsi y’ibicuruzwa byinshi muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka.

Ikigereranyo cy'umuringa giteganijwe guhinduka

Ihagarikwa rya Cobre Panama hamwe n’imivurungano itunguranye ituma amasosiyete acukura umuringa agabanya umusaruro byatumye hakurwaho mu buryo butunguranye toni zigera ku 600.000 z’ibiteganijwe gutangwa, bigatuma isoko riva ku musaruro munini wari uteganijwe mu buringanire, cyangwa n’igihombo.

Imyaka ibiri yakurikiyeho yagombaga kuba igihe cyinshi cyumuringa, tubikesha urukurikirane rwimishinga mishya mishya yatangiriye kwisi.

Ibyari byitezwe mu nganda hafi ya zose byari ibisagutse neza mbere yuko isoko ryongera gukomera nyuma yiyi myaka icumi ubwo ibyifuzo byari bikeneweibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazinaibikorwa remezo by'ingufu zishobora kubahobiteganijwe ko izagongana no kubura ibirombe bishya.

Ahubwo, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bwerekanye uburyo amasoko ashobora kwibasirwa - haba kubera abatavuga rumwe na politiki n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, ingorane zo guteza imbere ibikorwa bishya, cyangwa ikibazo cya buri munsi cyo gukuramo amabuye hejuru y’isi.

Igiciro cya Litiyumu kigenda gitangwa

Igiciro cya lithium cyaciwe mu 2023, ariko ibizaba umwaka utaha ntibiri kure. Litiyumu ikeneweibinyabiziga by'amashanyaraziiracyatera imbere byihuse, ariko igisubizo cyatanzwe cyarenze isoko.

Gutanga lithium ku isi, hagati aho, bizasimbuka 40% mu 2024, UBS yavuze mu ntangiriro z'uku kwezi, kugeza kuri toni zirenga miliyoni 1.4 za karubone ya litiro ihwanye.

Ibisohoka mubatunganya top Australiya naAmerika y'Epfobanki yavuze ko izamuka 22% na 29%, mu gihe muri Afurika biteganijwe ko izikuba kabiri, bitewe n'imishinga yo muri Zimbabwe.

UBS yavuze ko umusaruro w'Abashinwa nawo uzasimbuka 40% mu myaka ibiri iri imbere.

Banki y'ishoramari iteganya ko ibiciro bya karubone ya lithium yo mu Bushinwa bishobora kugabanuka hejuru ya 30% umwaka utaha, bikamanuka kugeza ku 80.000 by'amadorari ($ 14.800) kuri toni mu 2024, ugereranyije n'amafaranga 100.000, bihwanye n'amafaranga yatanzwe muri Jiangxi, akarere gakomeye cyane mu Bushinwa. imiti.

Umutungo wa Litiyumu uracyakenewe cyane

Mu Kwakira, Albemarle Corp.yagiye kure yo kwigarurira miliyari 4.2 z'amadoraliya Liontown Resources Ltd, nyuma y’umugore ukize cyane muri Ositaraliya yubatse umubare muto uhagarika kandi yambuye neza kimwe mu bicuruzwa binini bya batiri kugeza ubu.

Kubera ko Albemarle yifuzaga kongera ibikoresho bishya, yari imaze amezi ikurikirana intego zayo zishingiye ku mujyi wa Perth, yica umushinga wa Kathleen Valley - umwe mu babitsa cyane muri Ositaraliya. Liontown yemeye ko sosiyete yo muri Amerika “nziza kandi ya nyuma” itanga $ 3 ku mugabane muri Nzeri - hafi 100% ku giciro mbere yuko inyungu za Albemarle zishyirwa ahagaragara muri Werurwe.

Albemarle yagombaga guhangana n’umuherwe w’amabuye y'agaciro witwa Gina Rinehart, nka Hancock Prospectingbihamye byubaka imigabane 19.9%in Liontown. Mu cyumweru gishize, yabaye umushoramari umwe rukumbi, ufite imbaraga zihagije zo guhagarika amajwi y’abanyamigabane kuri ayo masezerano.

Mu Kuboza, SQM yifatanyije na Hancock Prospecting gukora isoko ryiza rya miliyari 1.7 z'amadolari y'Amerika (miliyari 1.14 $) yo gusaba Azure Minerals yo muri Ositarariya itunganya lithium, nk'uko byatangajwe ku wa kabiri.

Amasezerano azaha isi ya 2 Lithium ikora SQM ku mwanya wa mbere muri Ositaraliya ifite uruhare mu mushinga wa Azure's Andover ndetse n’ubufatanye na Hancock, ifite ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi n’uburambe bwaho mu guteza imbere ibirombe.

Chili, Mexico, bigenzura lithium

Muri Mata, Perezida wa Chili, Gabriel Boric, yatangaje ko guverinoma ye izazana inganda za lithium muri iki gihugu, ikurikiza urugero Leta izafatanya n’amasosiyete kugira ngo iterambere ryiyongere.

Uwitekapolitiki itegerejwe kuva keraBoric yavuze ko ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi mu gukora ibyuma bya batiri harimo no gushinga sosiyete y'igihugu ya lithiumkuri televiziyo y'igihugu.

Muri Nzeri, Perezida wa Mexico, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, yavuze ko hasuzumwa ibiciro bya lithium yo muri iki gihugu, nyuma y’uko Ubushinwa Ganfeng mu kwezi gushize bwerekanye ko lithium yo muri Megizike ihagaritswe.

López Obrador yashyize mu gihugu ku mugaragaro ububiko bwa lithium ya Mexico mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka kandi muri Kanama, Ganfeng yavuze ko abashinzwe ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya Mexico bahaye itangazo amashami yaho agaragaza ko icyenda mu byo yahagaritswe.

Zahabu yo kubaka kumwaka wo gushiraho

Igiciro cya zahabu i New York cyashyizeho ibihe byose mu ntangiriro zUkuboza kandi bisa nkaho bizarenga impinga ijya mu mwaka mushya.

Ishyirahamwe ry’isoko rya London Bullion (LBMA) ryatangaje ko igipimo cy’ibiciro bya zahabu cya Londres cyageze ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’amadolari 2,069.40 kuri buri tunci ku isaha ya nyuma ya cyamunara nyuma ya saa sita, kirenga amateka yari yabanjirije $ 2.067.15 yashyizweho muri Kanama 2020,

Umuyobozi mukuru wa LMBA, Ruth Crowell, yagize ati: "Ndashobora gutekereza ko nta kwerekana neza uruhare rwa zahabu nk'ububiko bw'agaciro kuruta ishyaka abashoramari ku isi hose bahindukiriye icyuma mu gihe cy'ihungabana ry'ubukungu na geopolitike."

JPMorgan yahanuye amateka mashya muri Nyakanga ariko yiteze ko izamuka rishya rizaba mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2024. Ishingiro ry’icyizere cya JPMorgan mu 2024 - kugabanuka kw'inyungu z’Amerika - rikomeje kuba ntamakemwa:

Ati: “Banki ifite impuzandengo y'ibiciro by'amadorari 2,175 ku kayabo k'ifaranga mu gihembwe cya nyuma cy'umwaka wa 2024, hashobora kubaho ingaruka mbi ku iteganyagihe ry’uko ubukungu bwifashe nabi muri Amerika bushobora kuzabaho mbere gato yuko Federasiyo itangira koroha.”

Nubwo zahabu yazamutse mu mpinga nshya, amafaranga yo gukora ubushakashatsi ku cyuma cyagaciro yagabanutse. Ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara mu Gushyingo muri rusange ingengo y’imari y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro yagabanutse muri uyu mwaka ku nshuro ya mbere kuva mu 2020, igabanukaho 3% igera kuri miliyari 12.8 z'amadolari mu masosiyete 2,235 yatanze amafaranga yo gushakisha cyangwa kwagura amafaranga yabikijwe.

Nubwo igiciro cya zahabu gitangaje, ingengo y’ubushakashatsi bwa zahabu, mu mateka yagiye itwarwa cyane n’urwego rucukura amabuye y'agaciro kurusha ikindi cyuma cyangwa amabuye y'agaciro, yagabanutseho 16% cyangwa miliyari 1,1 $ umwaka ushize ugereranije na miliyari 6 z'amadolari gusa, bingana na 46% isi yose.

Ibyo byagabanutse kuva kuri 54% muri 2022 mugihe amafaranga menshi yakoreshejwe kuri lithium, nikel nibindi byuma bya batiri, ubwiyongere bukabije bwo gukoresha uraniyumu nubutaka budasanzwe ndetse no kuzamuka kwumuringa.

Umwaka w'ubucukuzi bwa M&A, kuzunguruka, IPO, hamwe na SPAC

Ukuboza, impaka zerekeye Abongereza b'Abanyamerika (LON: AAL)guhinduka intego yo gufatan'umunywanyi cyangwa ikigo cyigenga cyigenga cyazamutse, nkuko intege nke mumigabane yabacukuzi banyuranye zakomeje.

Niba Abanyamerika b'Abongereza badahinduye ibikorwa kandi igiciro cy’imigabane kikaba gikiri inyuma, abasesenguzi ba Jefferies bavuga ko badashobora "guhakana ko Anglo yaba ifite uruhare runini mu guhuriza hamwe inganda."

Mu Kwakira, abanyamigabane ba Newcrest Mining batoye cyane ko bemera isoko rya miliyari 17 z'amadorali yo kugura isoko rya Newmont Corporation rikora ubucukuzi bwa zahabu ku isi.

Newmont (NYSE: NEM) irateganya gukusanya miliyari 2 z'amadolari binyuze mu kugurisha amabuye y'agaciro no kugabanya imishinga nyuma yo kuyigura. Kugura bizana agaciro ka sosiyete hafi miliyari 50 z'amadolari kandi yongeraho ibirombe bitanu bikora hamwe n’imishinga ibiri yateye imbere mu nshingano za Newmont.

Gutandukana no kuzunguruka nabyo byari igice kinini cyiterambere rya 2023.

Nyuma yo kwangwa inshuro nyinshi mugushaka kugura ibikoresho byose bya Teck, Glencore numufatanyabikorwa wu Buyapani bari mumwanya mwizakuzana miliyari 9 z'amadorali yo gusaba amashanyarazi atandukanye yo muri KanadaKuri Gufunga. Umuyobozi mukuru wa Glencore, Gary Nagle, icyifuzo cye cya mbere ku isosiyete yose yahuye n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Liberal Justin Trudeau ndetse na minisitiri w’intebe wa Columbiya y’Ubwongereza, aho iyi sosiyete ikorera.

Vale (NYSE: VALE) ntabwo ishaka abafatanyabikorwa bashya kubice fatizo byayo nyuma yo kugurisha imigabane iheruka, ariko irashobora gutekereza kuriIPOkuri iki gice mu myaka itatu cyangwa ine, Umuyobozi mukuru Eduardo Bartolomeo yavuze mu Kwakira.

Vale yashakishije uwahoze ari umuyobozi wa Anglo American Plc Mark Cutifani muri Mata kugira ngo ayobore akanama kigenga kugenzura ishami ry’umuringa na nikel ryinjije miliyari 26 z’amadolari yashizweho muri Nyakanga ubwo isosiyete y’ababyeyi yo muri Berezile yagurishaga 10% mu kigega cya Manara Minerals.

Umugabane mu bucukuzi bw’umuringa na zahabu muri Indoneziya, PT Amman Mineral Internasional, wikubye inshuro zirenga enye kuva zashyizwe ku rutonde muri Nyakanga kandi biteganijwe ko uzakomeza kwiyongera nyuma yo gushyirwa mu bipimo by’isoko rikomeye mu Gushyingo.

Amano Mineral ya miliyoni 715 z'amadorali ya IPO niyo yabaye menshi mu bukungu bukomeye muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya muri uyu mwaka kandi yizeye ko bikenewe cyane n'amafaranga yo ku isi ndetse no mu gihugu.

Ntabwo amasezerano yose yagenze neza muri uyu mwaka.

Byatangajwe muri kamena, miliyari 1 zamadorali y’amadorali agurishwa n’ikigega cyuzuye-ACG Acquisition Co kugirango igurenikel yo muri Berezile hamwe na mine-zahabukuva mu murwa mukuru wa Appian, byahagaritswe muri Nzeri.

Aya masezerano yari ashyigikiwe na Glencore, umubyeyi wa Chrysler Stellantis hamwe n’ishami rya batiri rya Volkswagen PowerCo binyuze mu ishoramari ry’imigabane, ariko kubera ko ibiciro bya nikel byagabanutse habuze inyungu z’abashoramari bake mu cyiciro cy’imigabane ingana na miliyoni 300 z’amadolari ACG yateganyaga mu rwego rwa amasezerano.

Ibiganiro mu 2022 byo kubona ibirombe nabyo byaguye nyuma yuko uwapiganwe Sibanye-Stillwater akuyemo. Ibyo gucuruza ubu ni ingingo yaimiburanishirize y'imanzanyuma yuko Appian yatanze ikirego cya miliyari 1,2 z'amadolari y'abanyamerika acukura amabuye y'agaciro.

Nickel izuru

Muri Mata, PT Trimegah Bangun Persada yo muri Indoneziya, uzwi cyane ku izina rya Harita Nickel, yakusanyije tiriyari 10 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (miliyoni 672 $) mu cyahoze ari Indoneziya yatangijwe ku mugaragaro muri uwo mwaka.

IPO ya Harita Nickel yahise ihinduka uburakari ku bashoramari, ariko, kubera ko ibiciro by'icyuma byinjiye bikabije kandi birebire. Nickel niwe ukora nabi cyane mubyuma fatizo, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyagaciro nyuma yo gutangira 2023 gucuruza hejuru ya $ 30.000 kuri toni.

Umwaka utaha ntabwo ureba cyane umuringa wa satani haba hamwe na producer Nornickel wahanuye ko amafaranga azagabanuka bitewe n’ibikenerwa n’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi ndetse n’ibicuruzwa biva muri Indoneziya, nabyo bikazana umubyimba wa cobalt:

"… Bitewe nuko inzitizi zikomeje kugabanuka mu itangwa rya EV, umugabane munini wa bateri zitari nikel LFP, hamwe no kuva igice cya BEV ukajya kugurisha PHEV mu Bushinwa. Hagati aho, itangizwa ry'ubushobozi bushya bwa nikel muri Indoneziya ryakomeje ku buryo bwihuse. ”

Palladiumnayo yagize umwaka utoroshye, wagabanutseho kimwe cya gatatu muri 2023 nubwo yatinze kwishyurwa kuva kumyaka myinshi yagaragaye mu ntangiriro zUkuboza. Palladium iheruka gucuruza amadorari 1,150 kuri buri une.

Ubushinwa buhindura imitsi ikomeye

Muri Nyakanga Ubushinwa bwatangaje ko buzahagarika ibyoherezwa mu mahangaibyuma bibiri bidasobanutse ariko bikomeyemu kwiyongera kw'intambara y'ubucuruzi ku ikoranabuhanga na Amerika n'Uburayi.

Beijing yavuze ko abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bazakenera gusaba uruhushya muri minisiteri y’ubucuruzi niba bashaka gutangira cyangwa gukomeza kohereza gallium na germanium hanze y’igihugu kandi bazasabwa gutanga amakuru arambuye ku baguzi bo mu mahanga ndetse n’ibyo basaba.

Ubushakashatsi bw’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi bwifashishije ibikoresho fatizo by’ibanze muri uyu mwaka, Ubushinwa nabwo buza ku isonga mu byuma byombi - bingana na 94% by’itangwa rya galiyo na 83% bya germanium. Ibyuma byombi bifite umurongo munini winzobere zikoreshwa mugukora chipmaking, ibikoresho byitumanaho no kwirwanaho.

Mu Kwakira, Ubushinwa bwavuze ko buzakenera uruhushya rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya grafite mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano w’igihugu. Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu cyambere ku isi gitanga ibicuruzwa kandi byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Iratunganya kandi ibice birenga 90% bya grafite yisi mubikoresho bikoreshwa hafi ya anode ya bateri yose ya EV, nigice cyashizwemo nabi na bateri.

Abacukuzi b'Abanyamerikayavuze ko iki gikorwa cy'Ubushinwa gishimangira ko Washington ikeneye koroshya inzira yo gusuzuma uruhushya. Alliance for Automotive Innovation, ihagarariye ibigo bitanga amamodoka hafi ya kimwe cya gatatu cya grafite ikoreshwa muri Amerika ikomoka mu Bushinwa.

Mu Kuboza, Beijing yabujije kohereza mu mahanga ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora magneti zidasanzwe ku isi ku wa kane, yongeraho ku itegeko ryabuzanyijwe mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukuramo no gutandukanya ibikoresho bikomeye.

Ubutaka budasanzwe ni itsinda ryibyuma 17 bikoreshwa mugukora magneti zihindura ingufu mukigenda mumashanyarazi, turbine yumuyaga na electronics.

Mugihe ibihugu byiburengerazuba bigerageza gutangiza ibyayoibikorwa bidasanzwe byo gutunganya isi, biteganijwe ko iryo tegeko rizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku cyiswe “isi iremereye cyane,” ikoreshwa muri moteri y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi n’intwaro, aho Ubushinwa bufite monopoliya mu gutunganya.

Umwimerere:Frik Els | www.mining.com